When to use- But, although and inspite?

This year's figures show that Forexum has become a profitable company in spite of its recent issues. Although the CEO Borris has not been in charge for long, things went on to become stable. Even though there have been speculations that the company's future is doomed, the company triumphed against all odds. Nothing is certain about the future, but Forexum enjoys a strong position in the global market.

But and although

We can join two sentences with but.

• It was raining cats and dogs, but we found shelter.
• Farhan has a bike, but he doesn't often ride it.

We can also use although.

• Although it was raining cats and dogs, we found shelter.
• Although Farhan has a bike, he doesn't often ride it.
• The clause with although can come at the end.
• We found shelter, although it was raining cats and dogs.

Though and even though

Though is informal. It has the same meaning as although.

• Though/Although I loved the dress, I  refrained from buying it.

We can use though at the end of the sentence.

• I loved the dress, I refrained from buying it though.

Even though is more emphatic than although.

• Terry looked quite fresh, even though he'd been working all night.
• Even though you don't like Mathematics, you should practice the sums.

In spite of and despite

We use in spite of before a noun or before the -ing form of a verb.

• Simmi wanted to climb the mountain in spite of the treacherous terrain.
• Faria went on working in spite of feeling unwell.

We use despite in exactly the same way as in spite of and with the same meaning.

• She wanted to go trekking despite the perils.
• She went on working despite feeling unwell.

In spite of and although

Inspite of

•  You haven't recuperated in spite of taking pills.

Although

• You haven't recuperated, although you have taken pills.

Inspite of

• Angela wants to be a pilot in spite of her fear/in spite of feeling afraid.

NOT---in spite of she feels afraid.

Although

• Angela wants to be a pilot, although she feels afraid.

We can use in spite of the fact(that) in the same meaning as although.

• I'm no better in spite of the fact that I have taken the pills.

Learning English

Living abroad is not an easy thing! The main reason why it is hard is because, as you would guess, of the language barrier. Then the answer is simple. Learn the language as fast as possible! The question that follows is “HOW?” Let’s talk about learning English, the main theme of this blog!!

Here are the things you can start with and keep improving...

Listen as much as you can

I personally think this is the first step that is required to be able to speak a new language. Let’s take an example of a baby. How does he/she get to understand his/her mother tongue? Listen, right? As parents keep saying the language, their children become to understand words and expressions and eventually say them. 

Speak as much as you can

One question I would like to ask is “What is the major community are you in?” There are people who are trying to get along with the people who are from the same country. There are people who are trying to mingle with American people. “Who would have more chances to speak English?” Of course, the people who are trying to mingle into communities of American people would have a lot more chances to speak English. 

Write as much as you can

Even with lots of listening and speaking, there is still a part that is not easy to be good at. It is writing. Writing is such a hard part and I think it is the last piece to conquer. 

Of course, these three aspects are all interconnected. If you write more and more, you get to use many of different sentences and expressions, then it helps your speaking. 

And, if you speak more, then you get to listen what you are saying, and this also helps your listening. The most important thing is that you really need to speak out loud and enunciate what you are saying. Sometimes, speaking English while you are watching you in the mirror really helps.  And, as you listen to what American people are saying in conversations, you get to learn new expressions you can use in your writings.

So the question is, “How much time do you invest to improve your English?” “One hour per day?
Two hours per day?” I have heard a lot of non-native English speakers complain about their poor English and, at the same time, do not change their life to get them to have more chances to listen, speak and write English. Well….. what can I say?

YOU GOTTA PRACTICE!

Happy learning!!

IF, WHEN,UNLESS and IN CASE

Present Simple for the future:

Look at the following sentences-: 

•  You'll be tired tomorrow if you work so hard today.
•  Tell me when you reach home.
•   I won't do anything unless you agree.
•  Write the address down in case you forget it.  

We use the present simple for the future after linking words such as if, when, unless and in case.

IF or WHEN

IF

We use if for something that we think might happen.

• If you hear any news, can you inform me immediately?  ( you might hear the news)
• I will probably visit your place if everything goes well.  ( everything might go well)

 We use if ( not when) for something imaginary or impossible.

•  If I were you, I wouldn't have hurt her. 

 WHEN 

We use when for something that we know will happen. 

• When you hear some news, can you inform me immediately? ( you will hear some news.)
• I will prepare dinner when I reach home.( I will reach home) 

 We can use if or when in contexts where they mean 'every time'. 

• If you swim, you lose weight.
• When you swim, you lose weight.

 IF and UNLESS 

If not means same as unless.

Look at the following examples: 

• If I don't wear my spectacles, I'm unable to see.
• Unless I wear my spectacles, I'm unable to see.
•  The doctor will be here if she isn't called to an emergency.
•  The doctor will be here unless she is called for an emergency.

IN CASE

• We use In Case to talk about something that should be done to avoid problem at a later stage.
• Take a blanket with you in case you feel cold.
• I booked my reservation in case I don't get tickets later on.
• I'll bring in the washing inside in case it rains.

Correct use of ADJECTIVES - part-2

Difference between 'fewer' and 'less'

'Fewer'-the comparative of few, is used before countable nouns, and less-the comparative of little, before uncountable words.

Examples :

§  There are fewer actors working in the theatre than there used to be.

§  She earns lesser than a peon does.

Take a note of the following:

Positive.           Comparative.       Superlative

Few.                 Fewer.                     Fewest

Little.               Less/Lesser.            Least

'Fewer' and 'Less' are followed by than as they are the comparative forms.

'Many' like 'few' is used before a countable   noun.

Example:

§  Many/few students flunked the geography examination.

'Much' like 'less' is used before a non-countable or a material noun.

Example:

§  Much/less water.  

MODIFIERS- 'Too', ‘Very’, 'Enough'.

Very means to a high degree, but does not suggest impossibility.

§  Sushma is very intelligent.

 Too suggests impossibility or undesirable degree.

§  Maria is too weak to attend your party.

It is advisable not to use 'too' with a positive adjective. Instead of using 'too' it is better to use 'very'.

Enough suggests possibility or sufficient degree.

Example:

§  He is smart enough to win the competition.

Please take a note of the following:

§  Always make sure to put enough after the adjective.

§  Always add to+v(infinitive) after enough.

§  Enough can come before or after a noun to express sufficiency.

Examples:

NOUN

Dennis had enough money to buy a villa.

NOUN

Dennis had money enough to buy a villa.

MODIFIERS-Negation

Here are some words that have negative meanings even though you can't make out that they deliver a negative message.

Examples:

only, scarcely,rarely, hardly,seldom and without.

§ Gary had scarcely enough money to buy movie tickets.

§ They went to the picnic without food.

Please make a note of the following:

§'Scarcely' and 'Hardly' are followed by WHEN.

§  Hardly had I seen the space shuttle when it disappeared.

§  Hardly did I see the space shuttle when it disappeared.

§  'No sooner' is followed by than.(which means as soon as)

§  As soon as I reached the theatre the movie started.

§  No sooner had I reached the theatre than the movie started.

§  No sooner+ had+subject+past participle......than.

§  No sooner+ did+ subject+ present tense verb....than.

§  No sooner did I reach the theatre than the movie started.

§  Hardly/ Scarcely+ had + subject+ past participle....when.....

§  Hardly had  I seen the space shuttle when it disappeared.

§  Hardly/Scarcely+did+ subject+ present tense verb.....when.

§  Hardly did I see the space shuttle when it disappeared.

H.A.P.P.Y-L.E.A.R.N.I.N.G....

Correct use of ADJECTIVES. (part-1)

Today I would like you to look at some important rules in the use of ADJECTIVES:

Rule-1

Most adjectives form their comparitives by the addition of -r or-er, and their superlatives by the addition of-st.or -est to the positive.

Positive       Comparitive     Superlative

Brave               Braver.                Bravest

Near                 Nearer.                Nearest

Rule-2

Some adjectives which have more than two syllables in the spelling, form their comparitive by using the adverb "more"  with the positive, and the superlative by using the "most" with the positive.

Positive.      Comparative.       Superlative

Intelligent.   more intelligent.    most intelligent

beautiful.      more beautiful.     most beautiful

Rule-3

When two qualities in the same person or thing is compared, the comparitive degree is formed by using "more", instead of -r or-er with the positive.

Examples:

Farzan is more wiser than intelligent.

In this sentence, we can make out that Farzan is both wise and intelligent.But his wisdom is far greater than his intelligence.

Rule-4

When two objects are compared with each other, the latter term of comparison must exclude the former by using 'any other'.

Examples:

Gold is precious than any metal......incorrect.

Gold is precious than any other

metal.....correct.

Rule-5

There are some words which can only be used in the positive and cannot be used in the comparitive, or in the superlative.

Examples:

minor, major, ulterior, exterior, inferior.

This is more inferior than that....incorrect.

This is inferior to that.....correct.

Rule-6

The following words are used as comparative adjectives and are followed by "to" and not "than":

Examples:

prior, junior, senior, superior, inferior, anterior,prefer posterior, etc.

Rule-7

The adjective "preferable" is used as a comparitive. It is followed by "to". It is not used with "more".

Example:

This movie is preferable than that one.....incorrect.

This movie is preferable to that one....correct.

Rule-8

The comparative adjectives ending in "or" are followed by the preposition "to".

junior, senior, posterior, anterior, inferior, superior, prior.

Example:

Gary is superior than Charllote......incorrect.

Gary is superior to Charllote.....correct.

Rule-9

Two adjectives which refer to the same noun or pronoun joined by a conjunction must be in the same degree of comparison.

Example:

Arnold is the wisest and bravest of all national cadets.

Rule-10

Sometimes we use the words much, far, less, etc. before the comparitives to denote emphasis or excess.

Example:

Dennis is by far the ablest economist in the country.

Rule-11

Look at these adjectives which confuse:

§   Further and Farther.

Further means in addition, additionally; more.

Examples:

For further information please contact our branch head.

I have nothing further to say in this matter.

Farther:

Farther denotes more distant in space.

Examples:

Peter lives in the farther end of the street.

§  Many, a great many, a good many

All these take a plural noun and a plural verb after them.

Examples:

My daughter has a good many friends.

A great many people died in the tsunami.

Rule-12

Use of many+a+noun(singular)+ a verb(singular) structure:

Examples:

Many a delegate is attending  today's conference.

(meaning: many delegates are attending the seminar)

Rule-13

MODIFIERS: Few, Little.

Few is used with plural nouns. Little is used with singular uncountable nouns.

If an article doesn't precede- few and little- they usually have rather negative meanings. They denote scarcity, paucity,  'not as much/many as one would like', or 'not as much/many as one would prefer'.

With articles 'few' and 'little' I.e a few, and a little are positive in meaning. They mean 'some'. They often convey the message that 'something is better than nothing'.

Examples:

There are a few apples in the basket,you can eat them.

I've got a little money, It'll be enough to buy movie tickets.

Are you proficient or fluent?

At what point do you “know” a language?

It’s a loaded question, but maybe a necessary one. 

Language Proficiency
We simply have a hard time figuring out when someone can claim a foreign language as one they speak. Linguists and language educators have known about this problem for years, which is why they have come up with the idea of language proficiency.

The term “proficiency” implies that we’re dealing with skills, because language ability is just that–a skill. In many ways, it’s like dancing, playing the guitar, riding a bike, or driving a car.

When it comes to skills, there’s a spectrum of abilities. 

Different language organizations around the world have developed scales to help identify a person’s foreign language ability. The scales might vary in the details, but they all basically want to identify whether a person is a beginner in the language, an expert, or somewhere in between.

In the US, an influential proficiency measure is the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) scale, developed by the US State Department. It identifies five levels of language proficiency:

Additionally, a person in between levels might be at a 1+, 2+, 3+, or 4+ level.

• Level 1 – Elementary – Can fulfill the basic needs in a language, such as ordering meals, asking time, and asking for directions.
• Level 2 – Limited Working Proficiency – Can fulfill routine social demands, such as small talk about one’s self, one’s family, and current events.
• Level 3 – Professional Working Proficiency – Can discuss a variety of topics with ease and almost completely understand what others are saying.
• Level 4 – Full Professional Proficiency – Can participate in all manners of conversations with ease and only rarely makes grammatical mistakes.
• Level 5 – Native or Bilingual Proficiency – Can use the language the way an educated native speaker of the language would.

European countries use something called the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. It’s the same idea, but the levels are broken down as:

• A1 – Breakthrough or Beginner
• A2 – Waystage or Elementary
• B1 – Threshold or Intermediate
• B2 – Vantage or Upper Intermediate
• C1 – Effective Operational Proficiency or Advanced
• C2 – Mastery or Proficiency

 A few things to notice.

First, proficiency levels are about what you can do in the language, not what you can’t. This is a minor, but important, distinction.

Second, C2 is the equivalent of Level 4. Those are considered “mastery” of a foreign language, and frankly, it is very rare to see someone achieve that level. But even at both those levels, you’re still expected to make a few grammatical or pronunciation mistakes. 

Third, the ILR breaks down levels further into different skills: reading, listening, speaking, and writing. You can be a Level 3 in reading and listening and a Level 2 in speaking .The European scale scores you by your weakest skill level, so if you’re a B1 in speaking and a C1 in reading, then your global language skills are rated as B1. I see merits to both approaches.

Fourth, it becomes increasingly difficult to go from one level to the next. It is somewhat straightforward  to learn enough language to order a meal at a restaurant and ask for directions. It is exponentially more difficult to be able to make small talk about anything. 

The inverse pyramid of language proficiency.

The pyramid illustrates that the amount of knowledge you need to go from one level to the next grows as you go along.

What about fluency?

So what does it mean to be fluent in a language?

“Fluent” is an imprecise term. I’ve heard people claim that you don’t reach fluency until you’re an absolute expert. The IIR scale even uses the terms “fluent” to describe levels 4 and 5–i.e., absolute mastery.

I think we can probably drop that down a notch, though. In my professional opinion, you are fluent at Level 3 (or C1). And I’d even go so far as to say that someone at Level 2+ (B2) could claim fluency.

Here’s why. Think about what the word “fluent” implies: You are able to participate in a conversation without struggling. You understand what the other person is saying, and you’re able to formulate an appropriate, understandable response back.

Does this matter?

Why are we even talking about this? Well, for me, I find the concept of levels encouraging.

Because the fact is, when you’re dealing with native speakers and actually trying to communicate in their language, they’re not always going to be patient and understanding. So it’s very easy to become discouraged.

When we’re out in the world speaking, we tend to think of our foreign language skills as pass/fail. But the levels let us know more precisely where our skill level is at.

we can take pride in what we’ve accomplished while still acknowledging how far we have yet to go!!

Happy Learning!




Reference: http://www.languagesurfer.com/

English words from India

Anaconda - Sinhalese henakandayā perhaps ← Dravidian
Arhat - Sanskrit arhat ‘deserving’
Ashram - Sanskrit asrama ‘hermitage’
Atman - Sanskrit atmān ‘essence’
Ayurvedic - Sanskrit ayur-veda ‘science of life or medicine’
Baboo - Hindi bābū ‘father’
Bahasa (as in Bahasa Indonesia) - Malay ← Sanskrit bhasa ‘language’
Bandanna - Portuguese ← Hindi bāndhnū ‘tie-dyeing’
Bangle - Hindi baŋgrī ‘glass bracelet’
Basmati - Hindi basmati ‘fragrant’
Begum - Urdu begam ← Eastern Turkish bigim ‘princess’
Beryl - Greek ← Dravidian Vēlūr, a toponym
Betel - Portuguese ← Malayalam veṭṭila
Bhang - Urdu bhang ← Sanskrit bhanga ‘hemp’
Birka - Hindi burqa ← Arabic
Biryani - Hindi ← Persian biryan ‘fried, roasted’
Blighty- Hindi bilāyatī ‘foreign’ ← Arabic wilāyat ‘district’ ← wilaya ‘rule’
Bonze - Japanese bonsō ← Mandarin fánsēng ‘Buddhist monk’; fán ← Sanskrit brāhman.as ‘Brahmin’
Bo (tree) - Sinhalese bo ← Sanskrit bodhi- ‘perfect knowledge’
Bodhisattva - Sanskit bodhi ‘perfect knowledge’ + sattvā ‘being’
Bosh (fiddle) - Romani bosh- ‘crow, fiddle’ ← Sanskrit vas- ‘bellow’
Brahmin - Sanskrit brāhman.as ← brahman ‘praise, worship’
Buddha - Sanskrit buddha ‘enlightened’ ← budh ‘awake, perceive’
Bund - Hindi band ← Persian
Bungalow - Gujarati bangalo ← Hindi banglā ‘Bengali’’
Bandy - short for ‘sugar candy’ ← ‘sugar’ + Arabic qandi ‘candied’ ← qand ‘cane sugar’ ← Dravidian, cf. Tamil kan.ṭu
Carambola - Marathi karanbal
Cash (type of coin) - Tamil kācu ← Sanskrit karša, a measure of weight
Catamaran - Tamil katta-maram ‘tied wood’
Chakra - Sanskrit chakra (cognate to ‘wheel’!)
cheetah - Hindi cītā ← Sanskrit citrakāya ‘speckled-body’
cheroot - French ← Tamil shurutti ‘roll’
China - Sanskrit Chīna ← (probably) Mandarin Qín dynasty
China (ware) - Persian chīnī— the first (17th century) citations in English are apt to be spelled Chiney, cheney— ← Sanskrit Chīna (q.v.)
Chintz - Hindi chīn.t ← Sanskrit citra ‘many-colored’
Chit - Hindi chiṭṭha ‘pass’ ← Sanksrit citra ‘many-colored’
Chop - Hindi chhāp ‘imprint’
Chukker - Hindi chakkar ‘circle’ ← Sanskrit chakra
Chutney - Hindi chaṭni
Congee - Tamil kañji
Coolie - Hindi kulī (perhaps the name of a tribe)
Copra - Malayalam koppara ← Hindi khopprā ‘coconut’
Corundum - Tamil kurundam ← Sanskrit kuruvinda ‘ruby’
Cosh - Romani kosh ‘stick, skewer’
Cot - Hindi khat ‘couch, hammock’
Cowrie - Hindi kauri ← Sanskrit kaparda
Cummerbund - Urdu kamar-band ‘loin-band’
Curry - Tamil kari ‘relish for rice’
Cushy - Hindi khush ‘pleasant’ ← Persian
Dacoit - Hindi dakait, from daka ‘gang robbery’ ← Sanskrit dashtaka ‘crowded’
Dal - Hindi dal ‘split pulse’
Dharma - Sanksrit dharma ‘decree, custom’
Dhoti - Hindi dhōti
Dinghy - Hindi ḍīn.gī ‘small boat’
Dungaree - Hindi dungrī, a toponym
Eka- (chemical prefix) - Sanksrit eka ‘one’
Gadjo - Romani
Ganja - Hindi ganjha
Ghat - Hindi ghāt ‘quay’
Ghee - Hindi ghī ← Sanskrit ghr.ta ‘sprinkling’
Ginger - Sanskrit śr.ñ-gaveram ‘horn-body’
Godown - Malay gadong ←Telugu gidangi ‘place where goods lie’
Gondwanaland - Sanskrit gondavana, name of a forest
Guar (gum) - Hindi guar
Gunny (sack) ← Hindi gōnī ← Sanskrit gon.ī
Guru - Hindi gurū ‘venerable one’ ← Sanskrit guruh ‘heavy, venerable’
Gymkhana - Hindi gend-khana ‘ball-house’
Hare Krishna - Hindi hare ‘oh God!’ + ‘Krishna’
Harijan - Sanksrit harijana = Hari ‘Vishnu’ + -jana ‘person’
Hatha yoga - Sanksrit hatha ‘force, violence’ + yoga
Himalayas - Sanskrit hima ‘snow’ + alaya ‘dwelling
Hindi - Hindi Hindī ‘Indian’ ← Persian hind; cf. India
Hindu - Hindi Hindū ‘an Indian’ ← Persian hind; cf. India
Hookah - Urdu ← Arabic huqqah ‘vase, bottle’
Howdah - Urdu haudah ← Arabic haudaj
India - Greek Indía ← Old Persian hiñd’u ← Sanskrit sindhu ‘(Indus) river’
Indigo - Portuguese ← Greek indikón ‘of India’, cf. India
Juggernaut - Hindi Jagannath ← Sanskrit Jagannatha ‘lord of the world’
Jungle - Hindi jāngal ‘wasteland’ ← Sanskrit jāngala ‘desert’
Jute - Bengali jhōṭo ← Sanskrit jūṭa
Kama Sutra - Sanksrit kama ‘love’ + sutra
Khalsa - Urdu khaliçah ← Arabic khaliç ‘pure, real’
Kshatriya - Sanksrit kshatriya ← kshatra ‘rule, authority’
Lacquer - Hindi lākh ‘resin’
Lakh - Hindi lakh
Lama - Tibetan blama
Lascar - Portuguese ← Urdu lashkar ‘army
Lingam - Sanskrit liŋga ‘distinctive mark, penis’
Loot - Hindi lūṭ ← Sanskrit loptra ‘booty’
Maharajah - Hindi maharaja ‘great king’; maha is cognate to Greek mega-
Mahatma - Sanksrit mahatman ‘great-souled’
Mahout - Hindi mahaut
Mandarin - Hindi mantrī ‘counsellor’
Mango - Portuguese ← Malay maŋga ← Tamil mānkāy ‘mango fruit’
Mantra - Sanskrit mantra ‘prayer’
Maya - Sanskrit māyā
Mongoose - Marathi mangūs ← Telugu mangisu
Mullah - Urdu mulla ← Arabic mawla
Musk - Latin ← Greek ← Sanskrit muşka ‘scrotum’
Nabob - French ←Urdu nawwab ‘deputy governor’
Namaste - Hindi ← Sanskrit námas ‘bowing’ + te dative of ‘you’
Nan - Hindi nān
Narc - Romani nak ‘nose’
Nard - Latin ← Greek ← Sanskrit nalada
Orange - French ← Spanish ← Arabic naranj ← Sanskrit naranga
Pagoda - Portuguese ← Dravidian ← Sanskrit bhagavati ‘holy’
Pajamas - Urdu payjamah ← Persian pay ‘foot’ + jamah ‘garment’
Pal - Romani ← Sanskrit bhrātar- ‘brother’
Palanquin - Portuguese ← Javanese pēlangki ← Sanskrit palyanka ‘bed’
Pariah - Tamil paraiyar, a caste ← parai ‘drum’
Patchouli - Tamil paccilai ‘green leaf’
Pepper - Latin ← Sanskrit pippalī ‘berry’
Polo - Balti polo
Prakrit - Sanskrit prakrta ‘natural, vulgar’
Punch - perhaps from Hindi panch ‘five’; OED finds it unlikely
Pundit - Hindi panḍit ← Sanskrit panḍita ‘learned’ ← Telugu pan.ḍa ‘wisdom’
Purdah - Urdu pardah ‘veil, curtain’
Puttee - Hindi patti ‘band(age)’ ← Sanskrit patta ‘bandage’
Raga - Sanskrit raga ‘color, passion, melody’
Raj - Hindi rāj ‘realm’
Rajah - Hindi rājā ‘king’ ← Sanskrit rājan (cognate to Latin rex)
Rakshasa - Sanskrit rakshasa ‘demon’ ← rakshas ‘to be guarded against’
Rupee - Hindi rupaīyā ← Sanskrit rūpya ‘wrought silver’
Sadhu - Sanskrit sadhū ‘holy man’
Sahib - Urdu ← Arabic çahib ‘friend’
Sandhi - Sanskrit samdhī ‘junction’
Samosa - Hindi samosā
Sandalwood - Latin ← Greek ← Sanskrit candanah.
Sanskrit - Sanskrit samskrta ‘perfected, well-formed’
Sari - Hindi sār.ī ← Sanskrit śāṭī ‘cloth’
Sarong - Malay sarung ← Sanksrit saranga ‘variegated’
Satyagraha - Sanskrit satya ‘truth’ + graha ‘pertinacity’
Sepoy - Urdu sipahi ‘horseman’ ← Persian sipah ‘army’
Shaman - Russian ← Tungusic ← Sanskrit śraman.ás ‘ascetic’
Shampoo - Hindi chāmpo ‘press, massage’
Shawl - French ← Urdu ← Persian shal
Sherpa - Tibetan sharpa ‘easterner’
Shri - Sanskrit srī ‘Lakshmi’
Shrub (drink) - Urdu ← Arabic shurb ‘beverage’ ← shariba ‘drink’
Sitar - Hindi sitār ‘three-stringed’
Soma (Vedic liquor) - Sanskrit soma
Stupa - Sanskrit stūpa ‘tuft of hair’
Sudra - Sanskrit śūdra
Sutra - Sanskrit sutra ‘thread, string’
Sugar - French ← Arabic ← Persian ← Sanskrit śarkarā ‘gravel, sugar’
Suttee - Sanskrit satī ‘virtuous woman’
Swami - Hindi svāmī ‘master’ ← Sanskrit svāmin
Swastika - Sanksrit svastika ← Sanskrit svasti ‘well-being’
Tandoor - Urdu tandur ← Turkish tandir ← Arabic tannūr ‘oven’
Tank - possibly Gujarati tānkh 'water reservoir'
Tantra - Sanskrit tantra ‘loom, system, doctrine’
Teak - Malayalam tekka
Thug - Hindi ṭhag ← Sanskrit sthaga ‘robber’
Tikka - Hindi tikka
Toddy - Hindi tār.ī ‘palm sap’ ← Sanskrit tāla ← Dravidian
Tom-tom - Hindi ṭamṭam (imitative)
Upanishad - Sanskrit upa ‘near’ + nishad ‘lie down’
Veda - Sanskrit veda ‘knowledge’ (cognate to ‘wit’)
Veranda - Hindi varanda ← Portuguese
Vindaloo - Hindi ← Portuguese vin d'alho ‘wine with garlic’
Wallah - Hindi -wala, a nominalizer
Yak - Tibetan γyag
Yeti - Tibetan yeh-teh ‘little manlike animal’
Yoga - Hindi ← Sanskrit yoga ‘union’
Yogi - Hindi yogī ← Sanskrit yogin
Yoni - Sanskrit yōni ‘abode, womb’
Zen - Japanese ← Mandarin chán(nà) ‘meditation’ ← Sanskrit dhyāna



Resource - zompist.
Feel free to add if you know more!!